Biofuels in Modern Engines: A Comparative Study of Biodiesel and Petro-Diesel for Cleaner Mobility Solutions

Abstract

The world currently faces two critical challenges related to fossil fuels: depletion of reserves and environmental degradation. Biodiesel, derived from renewable resources, has emerged as a promising alternative to petroleum diesel due to its eco-friendly nature. This review aims to compare the properties and engine performance of biodiesel with petroleum diesel. It discusses biodiesel’s production process, physicochemical properties, combustion characteristics, emissions profile, and potential for widespread use in India. Although biodiesel presents slight reductions in energy output and increased fuel consumption, it significantly reduces harmful emissions and poses fewer environmental and safety risks. These benefits make biodiesel a viable and sustainable fuel alternative.